{"id":2418,"date":"2025-05-23T07:34:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T07:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthscience.institute\/?p=2418"},"modified":"2026-04-06T06:22:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T06:22:20","slug":"the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Le nerf vague\u00a0: r\u00f4le, dysfonctionnement et m\u00e9thodes de stimulation fond\u00e9es sur des preuves"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction\u00a0: Le nerf vague \u2013 L\u2019autoroute du syst\u00e8me nerveux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le nerf vague (nerf cr\u00e2nien X) est le plus long nerf du syst\u00e8me nerveux autonome et une partie cl\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau parasympathique \u00ab\u00a0repos et digestion\u00a0\u00bb. Il s\u2019\u00e9tend du tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral jusqu\u2019au cou, puis dans la poitrine et l\u2019abdomen, se connectant au c\u0153ur, aux poumons, \u00e0 l\u2019intestin et \u00e0 d\u2019autres organes. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Souvent appel\u00e9 l\u2019information du corps <strong>autoroute<\/strong>, il transporte des signaux qui aident \u00e0 r\u00e9guler la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque, la digestion et m\u00eame les r\u00e9ponses immunitaires via la voie cholinergique anti-inflammatoire <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/#:~:text=Inflammation%20is%20a%20local%2C%20protective,wired%27%20neural%20systems\">2<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a><\/sup>, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, <strong>tonus vagal<\/strong> \u2013 une mesure de l\u2019activit\u00e9 du nerf vague \u2013 a suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat croissant \u00e0 la fois dans la recherche scientifique et les communaut\u00e9s de bien-\u00eatre. Ce regain d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat est en partie aliment\u00e9 par la th\u00e9orie polyvagale de Stephen Porges, qui relie l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle et au lien social <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory#:~:text=PVT%20is%20popular%20among%20some,9\">3<\/a><\/sup>. En effet, la th\u00e9orie polyvagale est devenue populaire parmi certains cliniciens et patients pour son explication de la fa\u00e7on dont les dynamiques du nerf vague sont li\u00e9es au stress, \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et m\u00eame \u00e0 la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration apr\u00e8s un traumatisme. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory#:~:text=PVT%20is%20popular%20among%20some,9\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Parall\u00e8lement, des chercheurs comme Kevin Tracey ont mis en lumi\u00e8re le r\u00f4le crucial du nerf vague dans le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inflammation, cr\u00e9ant le terme \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9flexe inflammatoire\u00a0\u00bb pour d\u00e9crire comment les signaux vagaux peuvent rapidement freiner les r\u00e9ponses immunitaires <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/#:~:text=Inflammation%20is%20a%20local%2C%20protective,wired%27%20neural%20systems\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Ces id\u00e9es ont suscit\u00e9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour <strong>stimulation du nerf vague (SNV)<\/strong> comme strat\u00e9gie th\u00e9rapeutique. Traditionnellement, SNV signifiait un dispositif implant\u00e9, mais aujourd\u2019hui il y a un enthousiasme croissant pour les approches non invasives pour stimuler le nerf vague et am\u00e9liorer \u00ab\u00a0le ton vagal\u00a0\u00bb. Dans cet article, nous explorerons l\u2019anatomie et les fonctions du nerf vague, ce qui peut mal tourner lorsque ce syst\u00e8me est d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9, ainsi que des m\u00e9thodes fond\u00e9es sur des preuves \u2013 allant des exercices de respiration aux dispositifs avanc\u00e9s \u2013 pour stimuler th\u00e9rapeutiquement le nerf vague.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anatomie du nerf vague\u00a0: les voies \u00e0 travers le corps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"http:\/\/scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve.webp 768w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Le nerf vague prend sa source dans la moelle allong\u00e9e du tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral et des m\u00e9andres (\u00ab\u00a0vagus\u00a0\u00bb est le mot latin pour <em>errant<\/em>) \u00e0 travers le corps, avec des branches qui innervent la gorge, le c\u0153ur, les poumons et l\u2019appareil digestif <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Il existe en fait deux nerfs vagues (gauche et droit), qui transportent ensemble les signaux sensoriels (aff\u00e9rents) des organes vers le cerveau et les signaux moteurs (eff\u00e9rents) du cerveau vers les organes. Lorsque le nerf vague descend, il s\u2019entrelace avec d\u2019autres nerfs et d\u00e9gage des branches, telles que la <strong>branches cardiaques<\/strong> au c\u0153ur et <strong>branches pulmonaires<\/strong> aux poumons <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11189015\/#:~:text=The%20results%20of%20neural%20tracing,the%20various%20organs%20and%20organ\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Dans l\u2019abdomen, il forme des r\u00e9seaux (plexus) qui influencent l\u2019estomac, les intestins, le foie et d\u2019autres organes <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11189015\/#:~:text=The%20results%20of%20neural%20tracing,the%20various%20organs%20and%20organ\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Cette large port\u00e9e permet au nerf vague d\u2019agir comme un r\u00e9gulateur principal de la fonction et de l\u2019hom\u00e9ostasie des organes internes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notamment, le nerf vague a aussi un petit <strong>branche auriculaire<\/strong> qui atteint la peau de l\u2019oreille externe \u2013 plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment des parties du conduit auditif et de l\u2019oreillette (oreille externe) <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve#:~:text=The%20auricular%20branch%20of%20the,61%20and%20auricle\">5<\/a><\/sup>. En fait, les recherches anatomiques montrent que cela <strong>branche auriculaire du nerf vague (ABVN)<\/strong> est essentiellement le <em>seulement <\/em>branche du nerf vague qui vient \u00e0 la surface du corps <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8192665\/#:~:text=Central%20pmc,The%20ABVN\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Cela signifie que l\u2019oreille externe est une porte d\u2019entr\u00e9e unique pour acc\u00e9der directement au nerf vague sans proc\u00e9dure invasive. L\u2019ABVN (parfois appel\u00e9 <strong>Le culot d\u2019Arnold<\/strong>) fournit des fibres sensorielles \u00e0 des zones comme le tragus et le cymba conchae de l\u2019oreille <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve#:~:text=The%20auricular%20branch%20of%20the,61%20and%20auricle\">5<\/a><\/sup>. La stimulation de cette zone (par exemple avec des pinces d\u2019\u00e9lectrode ou des dispositifs auriculaires) peut activer les voies vagales, comme le confirment les preuves de neuroimagerie. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20Tract,to%20the%20NTS%20in%20humans\">7<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20%20Cymba%20conchae%20stimulation%2C,activation%20of%20the%20paracentral%20lobule\">8<\/a><\/sup>. D\u2019un point de vue anatomique, cette petite branche nerveuse a une importance d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e\u00a0: elle constitue un point d\u2019entr\u00e9e pratique pour la SNV th\u00e9rapeutique \u2013 un fait qui a conduit au d\u00e9veloppement de <strong>SNV auriculaire transcutan\u00e9e (taVNS)<\/strong> m\u00e9thodes, dont nous discuterons plus tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fonctions cl\u00e9s du nerf vague<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La port\u00e9e \u00e9tendue du nerf vague se traduit par un large \u00e9ventail de fonctions physiologiques. Globalement, le nerf vague aide \u00e0 maintenir <strong>hom\u00e9ostasie <\/strong>\u2013 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre interne du corps. Par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de ses fibres eff\u00e9rentes (motrices), le nerf vague exerce une influence apaisante sur les organes cibles\u00a0: il ralentit la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque, stimule les processus digestifs et favorise le repos. Par exemple, l\u2019entr\u00e9e vagale dans le stimulateur cardiaque ralentit la fr\u00e9quence sinusale, ce qui explique pourquoi un tonus vagal \u00e9lev\u00e9 est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une fr\u00e9quence cardiaque de repos plus faible et \u00e0 une plus grande variabilit\u00e9 de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque (un marqueur de la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire) <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/#:~:text=nervous%20system%20affecting%20metabolism%20and,synchronize%20neural%20elements%20leading%20to\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Les signaux vagaux vers l\u2019intestin stimulent le p\u00e9ristaltisme et la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion, favorisant ainsi une digestion efficace. Il est important de noter que le nerf vague est \u00e9galement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse antistress. L\u2019activation vagale peut contrecarrer les effets de \u00ab\u00a0lutte ou fuite\u00a0\u00bb du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique, en produisant une r\u00e9ponse de relaxation (d\u2019o\u00f9 la respiration profonde ou la m\u00e9ditation, qui augmentent l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale, ont tendance \u00e0 induire le calme).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain-12x12.webp 12w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/gut-brain.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, le nerf vague est l\u2019\u00e9pine dorsale sensorielle du soi-disant \u00ab\u00a0<strong>axe intestin-cerveau<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00bb Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 80\u00a0% des fibres vagales sont aff\u00e9rentes, transportant l\u2019information des organes internes vers le cerveau. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Ces signaux informent le cerveau sur l\u2019\u00e9tat du corps \u2013 tout, de la tension art\u00e9rielle et du contenu en nutriments de l\u2019intestin \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019inflammation. Sur la base de cet apport sensoriel, les voies du r\u00e9flexe vagal aident \u00e0 r\u00e9guler <strong>l'inflammation et l'immunit\u00e9<\/strong>. En 2002, Tracey et ses coll\u00e8gues ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la stimulation du nerf vague peut supprimer la lib\u00e9ration de cytokines pro-inflammatoires lors d\u2019une inflammation syst\u00e9mique, ce qui a donn\u00e9 naissance au concept d\u2019un r\u00e9flexe anti-inflammatoire cholinergique <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/#:~:text=Inflammation%20is%20a%20local%2C%20protective,wired%27%20neural%20systems\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Le nerf vague y parvient via une voie dans laquelle les eff\u00e9rents vagaux lib\u00e8rent de l\u2019ac\u00e9tylcholine qui agit sur les cellules immunitaires (par exemple, les macrophages) pour ralentir la production de cytokines inflammatoires. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Ce contr\u00f4le neural \u00ab\u00a0c\u00e2bl\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019immunit\u00e9 est un m\u00e9canisme \u00e9l\u00e9gant par lequel le syst\u00e8me nerveux peut rapidement freiner une inflammation excessive \u2013 essentiellement un frein sur le syst\u00e8me immunitaire pour \u00e9viter que les dommages ne r\u00e9agissent de mani\u00e8re excessive. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/#:~:text=Inflammation%20is%20a%20local%2C%20protective,wired%27%20neural%20systems\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le nerf vague influence \u00e9galement <strong>syst\u00e8mes de neurotransmetteurs et fonction c\u00e9r\u00e9brale<\/strong>. Les aff\u00e9rences vagales se projettent vers le noyau du tractus solitaire (NTS) dans le tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, qui \u00e0 son tour se connecte aux r\u00e9gions qui r\u00e9gulent l\u2019humeur et l\u2019excitation (comme le locus coeruleus et le noyau du raph\u00e9 dorsal). Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la stimulation des voies vagales active le syst\u00e8me cholinergique dans le cerveau, impliqu\u00e9 dans l\u2019apprentissage et la m\u00e9moire. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm#:~:text=The%20study%20also%20revealed%20a,whose%20systems%20have%20been%20damaged\">10<\/a><\/sup>. En fait, des chercheurs ont observ\u00e9 que la stimulation du nerf vague peut am\u00e9liorer la consolidation de la m\u00e9moire et les performances cognitives, probablement en stimulant les neuromodulateurs comme l\u2019ac\u00e9tylcholine et la noradr\u00e9naline dans des circuits c\u00e9r\u00e9braux cl\u00e9s <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm#:~:text=,individuals%20learn%20new%20skills%20faster\">11<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm#:~:text=The%20study%20also%20revealed%20a,whose%20systems%20have%20been%20damaged\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Ceci sous-tend l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de la stimulation vagale pour des conditions comme la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer et la d\u00e9pression. Cliniquement, la th\u00e9rapie SNV implant\u00e9e (d\u00e9crite plus en d\u00e9tail ci-dessous) s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e am\u00e9liorer l\u2019humeur chez certains patients, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 son approbation comme traitement adjuvant pour <strong>la d\u00e9pression r\u00e9fractaire<\/strong> En 2005 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=sympathetic%20nerve,efferents%20are%20activated%20by%20VNS\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a>. Le r\u00f4le des nerfs vagues dans <strong>sant\u00e9 mentale<\/strong> est un domaine de recherche intense\u00a0: un faible tonus vagal a \u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et aux troubles de l\u2019humeur, tandis que les interventions qui augmentent l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale (des exercices de respiration profonde aux dispositifs SNV) sont souvent corr\u00e9l\u00e9es \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 une am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9silience \u00e9motionnelle <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20processes%2C%20and%20their%20role,due%20to%20faulty%20inhibitory%20mechanisms\">13<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167876015002159#:~:text=Heart%20rate%20variability%20is%20enhanced,suggest%20that%20mindfulness%20meditation\">14<\/a><\/sup>. En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, le nerf vague est une autoroute de communication bidirectionnelle critique entre le cerveau et le corps, r\u00e9gulant le fonctionnement des organes visc\u00e9raux, les r\u00e9ponses immunitaires, et m\u00eame certains aspects de la chimie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale qui affectent notre \u00e9tat mental <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=adrenal%20axis%20and%20the%20central,as%20represented%20by%20experimental%20sepsis\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre du syst\u00e8me nerveux autonome\u00a0: lorsque la lutte, la fuite ou le gel prennent le dessus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System-12x12.webp 12w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Autonomous_Nervous_System.webp 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me nerveux autonome a deux divisions primaires\u00a0: la sympathique (\u00ab\u00a0combattre ou fuir\u00a0\u00bb) et la parasympathique (\u00ab\u00a0reposer et dig\u00e9rer\u00a0\u00bb). Dans des conditions normales, ces syst\u00e8mes s\u2019\u00e9quilibrent dynamiquement entre eux. Le nerf vague, en tant que principal conduit parasympathique, exerce un effet de freinage sur le c\u0153ur et d\u2019autres organes, favorisant des \u00e9tats calmes (parfois appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0frein vagal\u00a0\u00bb). Cependant, le stress chronique peut faire pencher la balance vers <strong>sympathicotonie<\/strong>, \u00e9crasant le frein vagal. Dans un \u00e9tat d\u2019activation durable de lutte ou de fuite, les hormones du stress restent \u00e9lev\u00e9es, le rythme cardiaque et la pression art\u00e9rielle restent \u00e9lev\u00e9s, et la digestion et le sommeil sont perturb\u00e9s. Au fil du temps, ce d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre autonome contribue \u00e0 l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019insomnie, \u00e0 l\u2019hypertension et aux probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9taboliques. Des recherches en psychophysiologie ont montr\u00e9 qu\u2019une activit\u00e9 vagale inad\u00e9quate (tonus vagal faible) est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle moins bonne et \u00e0 une r\u00e9activit\u00e9 au stress plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20processes%2C%20and%20their%20role,due%20to%20faulty%20inhibitory%20mechanisms\">13<\/a><\/sup>. Le mod\u00e8le d\u2019int\u00e9gration neurovisc\u00e9rale de Thayer et Lane postule qu\u2019un nerf vague fonctionnant correctement est crucial pour inhiber l\u2019activation excessive des circuits du stress ; si ce tonus vagal inhibiteur fait d\u00e9faut, les r\u00e9ponses au stress peuvent s\u2019encha\u00eener (une boucle de r\u00e9troaction positive), contribuant \u00e0 l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 la d\u00e9r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019humeur. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20processes%2C%20and%20their%20role,due%20to%20faulty%20inhibitory%20mechanisms\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de la lutte ou de la fuite, le nerf vague est \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9 dans le <strong>R\u00e9ponse \u00ab\u00a0geler\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> \u2013 un \u00e9tat d\u00e9fensif extr\u00eame d\u2019immobilisation. La th\u00e9orie polyvagale diff\u00e9rencie les voies vagales en deux branches\u00a0: un syst\u00e8me vagal ventral associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un engagement social s\u00fbr, et une <strong>syst\u00e8me vagal dorsal<\/strong> qui, lorsqu\u2019il est d\u00e9clench\u00e9 dans des situations mettant la vie en danger, peut produire un \u00e9tat de gel ou d\u2019arr\u00eat (semblable \u00e0 un animal faisant le mort) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory#:~:text=presents%20a%20two,14\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. Cette r\u00e9ponse vagale dorsale peut se manifester par une syncope ou une conservation extr\u00eame de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, et on pense qu\u2019elle sous-tend l'\u00ab\u00a0effondrement\u00a0\u00bb ou la r\u00e9ponse dissociative que certaines personnes subissent en cas de traumatisme. Dans la vie moderne, les stimuli chroniques (comme le stress incessant ou les traumatismes pass\u00e9s) peuvent \u00e9voquer de mani\u00e8re inappropri\u00e9e des aspects de cette r\u00e9ponse d\u2019arr\u00eat, entra\u00eenant des sympt\u00f4mes tels que la fatigue, une tension art\u00e9rielle basse ou un engourdissement \u00e9motionnel. Porges et d\u2019autres ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que certains cas de d\u00e9pression ou de fatigue chronique impliquent un \u00e9tat vagal dorsal d\u00e9r\u00e9gul\u00e9 \u2013 essentiellement un d\u00e9passement de la r\u00e9ponse parasympathique dans un mode d\u2019immobilisation. Dans l\u2019ensemble, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019overdrive sympathique ou de gel vagal mal adapt\u00e9, <strong>d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre du syst\u00e8me nerveux autonome<\/strong> peut causer des ravages sur la sant\u00e9 physique et mentale. De nombreuses approches th\u00e9rapeutiques (du biofeedback sur la variabilit\u00e9 de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque au yoga) visent explicitement \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir l\u2019\u00e9quilibre vagal-sympathique, en att\u00e9nuant la r\u00e9ponse de combat\/fuite tout en \u00e9vitant les r\u00e9ponses de gel excessives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Causes de la dysfonction du nerf vague<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u2019est-ce qui peut provoquer un dysfonctionnement du nerf vague ou diminuer son tonus ? Les chercheurs sont encore en train d\u2019\u00e9lucider les causes, mais plusieurs facteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en cause\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stress chronique<\/strong>\u00a0: Un stress psychologique ou physique persistant peut supprimer l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale et entra\u00eener une baisse du tonus vagal au fil du temps. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20processes%2C%20and%20their%20role,due%20to%20faulty%20inhibitory%20mechanisms\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a>. Le stress \u00e9motionnel est li\u00e9 \u00e0 une variabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque (un indicateur de la fonction vagale) et peut alt\u00e9rer la sensibilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9flexes vagaux. Essentiellement, le frein vagal devient moins r\u00e9actif en cas de stress chronique, car le syst\u00e8me sympathique pr\u00e9domine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>l'inflammation et l'infection<\/strong>\u00a0: L\u2019inflammation syst\u00e9mique peut interf\u00e9rer avec la signalisation vagale. Le nerf vague aide \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter et \u00e0 moduler l\u2019inflammation, mais si les cytokines inflammatoires sont constamment \u00e9lev\u00e9es, il peut \u00e9mousser les boucles de r\u00e9troaction vagale. Notamment, certaines infections peuvent d\u00e9clencher un dysfonctionnement li\u00e9 au nerf vague. Par exemple, l\u2019infection par le virus d\u2019Epstein-Barr (EBV) \u2013 surtout si elle est r\u00e9activ\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement (comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 chez certains patients atteints de la COVID longue \u2013 a \u00e9t\u00e9 suppos\u00e9e alt\u00e9rer les voies vagales et contribuer aux sympt\u00f4mes chroniques. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11041741\/#:~:text=The%20role%20of%20Epstein%E2%80%93Barr%20virus,role%20in%20long%20COVID%20symptoms\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a>. Dans des \u00e9tudes animales, des mol\u00e9cules inflammatoires comme l\u2019interleukine-1 peuvent activer les aff\u00e9rences vagales et induire un \u00ab\u00a0comportement de maladie\u00a0\u00bb (fatigue, malaise, diminution de l\u2019app\u00e9tit), et couper le nerf vague pr\u00e9vient bon nombre de ces sympt\u00f4mes. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2740752\/#:~:text=the%20activation%20of%20the%20brainstem%2C,of%20peritoneal%20macrophages%20to%20produce\">18<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2740752\/#:~:text=The%20importance%20of%20the%20neural,parallel%20with%20the%20neural%20pathway\">19<\/a><\/sup>. Cela sugg\u00e8re qu\u2019une activation immunitaire excessive (par exemple lors d\u2019infections graves ou de maladies auto-immunes) pourrait alt\u00e9rer la fonction du nerf vagal ou sa r\u00e9activit\u00e9. Les patients atteints de troubles tels que la polyarthrite rhumato\u00efde ou la maladie inflammatoire de l\u2019intestin pr\u00e9sentent souvent une tonicit\u00e9 vagale r\u00e9duite, et une stimulation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale (m\u00eame par SNV implant\u00e9e) a \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9e pour lutter contre l\u2019inflammation. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/#:~:text=Inflammation%20is%20a%20local%2C%20protective,wired%27%20neural%20systems\">2<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neuropathies virales<\/strong>\u00a0: Certains virus peuvent affecter directement le nerf vague. Par exemple, il existe des sp\u00e9culations selon lesquelles le SARS-CoV-2 (le virus responsable de la COVID-19) pourrait endommager les fibres sensorielles ou les noyaux vagaux chez certains patients, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019implication du nerf vague dans la r\u00e9gulation des fonctions pulmonaires, cardiaques et intestinales (qui sont souvent perturb\u00e9es lors d\u2019une COVID longue). La r\u00e9activation de l\u2019EBV, comme indiqu\u00e9, pourrait \u00e9galement endommager ou enflammer les voies vagales. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11041741\/#:~:text=The%20role%20of%20Epstein%E2%80%93Barr%20virus,role%20in%20long%20COVID%20symptoms\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Maladies neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives<\/strong>\u00a0: Des conditions comme le diab\u00e8te (qui peut causer une neuropathie p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique) ou les troubles neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs peuvent alt\u00e9rer les nerfs autonomes, y compris le nerf vague. La maladie de Parkinson, par exemple, est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une dysfonction vagale pr\u00e9coce (certains chercheurs avancent m\u00eame l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que la pathologie parkinsonienne pourrait se propager de l\u2019intestin au cerveau via le nerf vague). Les patients atteints de la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer ont souvent une activit\u00e9 parasympathique alt\u00e9r\u00e9e. Dans un mod\u00e8le murin de la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer, la stimulation du nerf vague a d\u00e9plac\u00e9 les microglies (cellules immunitaires c\u00e9r\u00e9brales) d\u2019un \u00e9tat proinflammatoire \u00e0 un \u00e9tat neuroprotecteur. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/#:~:text=Chronically%20activated%20microglia%20contribute%20to,is%20a%20risk%20factor%20for\">20<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/#:~:text=which%20noradrenergic%20fibers%20reach%20to,morphological%20changes%20in%20microglia%2C%20from\">21<\/a><\/sup>, laissant entendre que la dysfonction vagale pourrait exacerber la neuroinflammation dans de tels troubles. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, la stimulation du nerf vague est \u00e9tudi\u00e9e comme un moyen d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les fonctions cognitives au d\u00e9but de la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/#:~:text=Chronically%20activated%20microglia%20contribute%20to,is%20a%20risk%20factor%20for\">20<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/#:~:text=which%20noradrenergic%20fibers%20reach%20to,morphological%20changes%20in%20microglia%2C%20from\">21<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mauvais sommeil<\/strong>\u00a0: Le sommeil et le tonus vagal sont \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s. Un sommeil profond et r\u00e9parateur stimule naturellement l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale (ce qui se traduit par une fr\u00e9quence cardiaque plus lente et une forte variabilit\u00e9 de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque la nuit). L\u2019insomnie chronique ou l\u2019apn\u00e9e du sommeil peuvent abaisser le tonus vagal de base. En retour, un faible tonus vagal peut contribuer aux probl\u00e8mes de sommeil \u2013 un cercle vicieux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Probl\u00e8mes intestinaux et alimentation<\/strong>\u00a0: Puisque le vagus surveille l\u2019\u00e9tat de l\u2019intestin, les probl\u00e8mes gastro-intestinaux chroniques peuvent perturber les voies vagales. Par exemple, une dysbiose ou une infection de longue date dans l\u2019intestin pourrait entra\u00eener un d\u00e9clenchement continu des aff\u00e9rences vagales (signe de d\u00e9tresse), ce qui pourrait d\u00e9sensibiliser le nerf au fil du temps. Les carences en nutriments (comme les vitamines B) qui affectent la sant\u00e9 nerveuse pourraient \u00e9galement jouer un r\u00f4le dans la neuropathie vagale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Il convient de noter que <strong>mesurer la \u00ab\u00a0dysfonction\u00a0\u00bb du nerf vague<\/strong> est difficile \u2013 les cliniciens s\u2019appuient souvent sur des indicateurs tels que la variabilit\u00e9 de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque ou des tests de r\u00e9flexes (par exemple, le r\u00e9flexe naus\u00e9eux, dont le nerf vague assure la m\u00e9diation). N\u00e9anmoins, lorsque le vagus est sous-performant, les cons\u00e9quences \u2013 d\u2019une inflammation accrue \u00e0 l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9rables. C\u2019est pourquoi les interventions qui peuvent restaurer un tonus vagal sain sont d\u2019un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historique et \u00e9volution de la stimulation du nerf vague (SNV)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Utiliser l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour stimuler le nerf vague a une histoire intrigante. Les premi\u00e8res tentatives remontent au 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, lorsque les scientifiques ont exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 la stimulation de la r\u00e9gion carotidienne (o\u00f9 le vagus se d\u00e9place) pour traiter l\u2019\u00e9pilepsie <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/#:~:text=The%20development%20of%20vagus%20nerve,greater%20safety%20profiles%20and%20seems\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a>. Ces premi\u00e8res incursions n\u2019ont pas eu beaucoup de succ\u00e8s, mais elles ont plant\u00e9 la graine pour la stimulation du nerf vague comme th\u00e9rapie. Passons \u00e0 la fin du 20e si\u00e8cle\u00a0: apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes animales prometteuses, un implantable <strong>Dispositif VNS<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 pour un usage humain. En 1997, la FDA a approuv\u00e9 la th\u00e9rapie VNS pour <strong>\u00e9pilepsie r\u00e9fractaire <\/strong>\u2013 les patients ayant des crises non contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par un m\u00e9dicament. Ce dispositif implant\u00e9, \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s de la taille d\u2019un chronom\u00e8tre, est plac\u00e9 chirurgicalement dans la poitrine avec un fil enroul\u00e9 autour du nerf vague gauche dans le cou. Il d\u00e9livre des impulsions \u00e9lectriques intermittentes au nerf vague. Les essais sur l\u2019\u00e9pilepsie ont montr\u00e9 que la SNV pouvait r\u00e9duire de mani\u00e8re significative la fr\u00e9quence des crises chez certains patients, bien qu\u2019avec des r\u00e9ponses variables. Par la suite, en 2005, VNS a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 pour <strong>d\u00e9pression r\u00e9sistante au traitement<\/strong> <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=sympathetic%20nerve,efferents%20are%20activated%20by%20VNS\">12<\/a><\/sup> apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes cliniques, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que l\u2019humeur de certains patients s\u2019am\u00e9liorait gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la stimulation vagale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La SNV implantable a fourni une nouvelle bou\u00e9e de sauvetage \u00e0 certains patients, mais elle pr\u00e9sente des inconv\u00e9nients. Une intervention chirurgicale est n\u00e9cessaire pour implanter le dispositif et la bobine, avec des risques d\u2019infection ou de l\u00e9sions nerveuses (bien que faibles). De plus, la stimulation du nerf vague dans le cou peut produire des effets secondaires tels que toux, douleurs \u00e0 la gorge ou enrouement de la voix en raison de la propagation du courant vers les nerfs laryng\u00e9s. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/17598-vagus-nerve-stimulation#:~:text=Vagus%20Nerve%20Stimulation%20,Change%20in%20voice\">23<\/a><\/sup>. Un effet secondaire significatif est une modification de la voix ou une l\u00e9g\u00e8re paralysie des cordes vocales \u2013 les patients signalent souvent que leur voix devient rauque lors de la stimulation <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/17598-vagus-nerve-stimulation#:~:text=Vagus%20Nerve%20Stimulation%20,Change%20in%20voice\">23<\/a><\/sup>. D\u2019autres effets secondaires courants incluent l\u2019inconfort au cou, la toux ou l\u2019essoufflement pendant une stimulation <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/17598-vagus-nerve-stimulation#:~:text=Vagus%20Nerve%20Stimulation%20,Change%20in%20voice\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a>. Malgr\u00e9 ces probl\u00e8mes, plus de 100\u00a0000 dispositifs SNV implantables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 implant\u00e9s dans le monde entier pour l\u2019\u00e9pilepsie et la d\u00e9pression. Des \u00e9tudes \u00e0 long terme sugg\u00e8rent que certains patients continuent de pr\u00e9senter des avantages (r\u00e9duction des crises, stabilisation de l\u2019humeur) avec la SNV chronique, et le dispositif peut \u00eatre ajust\u00e9 ou \u00e9teint ext\u00e9rieurement par un aimant si n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le succ\u00e8s de la SRV implant\u00e9e \u2013 et ses limites \u2013 a conduit \u00e0 un virage vers<strong> des approches moins invasives<\/strong>. Vers les ann\u00e9es 2010, des chercheurs ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 explorer <strong>SNV transcutan\u00e9<\/strong>, stimulant le nerf vague de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du corps. Deux voies principales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 essay\u00e9es\u00a0: le vagus cervical (\u00e0 travers la peau du cou) et la branche auriculaire (sur l\u2019oreille). La stimulation du nerf vague cervical avec des \u00e9lectrodes de surface sur le cou (comme dans certains appareils pour les c\u00e9phal\u00e9es) peut activer les fibres vagales, mais l\u2019approche auriculaire (taVNS) a suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier en raison de l\u2019emplacement accessible de l\u2019ABVN. Fondamentalement, les SNV non invasifs (souvent appel\u00e9s <strong>nVNS<\/strong>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 avec un <em>beaucoup <\/em>profil de risque plus faible \u2013 pas de chirurgie, et les effets secondaires (comme une l\u00e9g\u00e8re irritation cutan\u00e9e ou des picotements) \u00e9taient mineurs en comparaison <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/#:~:text=of%20several%20early%20clinical%20trials%2C,greater%20safety%20profiles%20and%20seems\">24<\/a><\/sup>. Au milieu des ann\u00e9es 2010, le premier portable <strong>stimulateurs auriculaires de la SNV<\/strong> \u00e9taient test\u00e9s dans des essais cliniques pour une gamme de conditions\u00a0: \u00e9pilepsie, migraine, d\u00e9pression, acouph\u00e8nes, et plus encore <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/#:~:text=The%20development%20of%20vagus%20nerve,greater%20safety%20profiles%20and%20seems\">22<\/a><\/sup>. Les premiers r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 encourageants, amenant certains chercheurs \u00e0 conclure que les SNV non invasifs, bien qu\u2019un peu moins puissants que ceux implant\u00e9s, \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00e9sentent une plus grande s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb et peuvent permettre <strong>effets physiologiques similaires<\/strong> dans certaines applications <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/#:~:text=of%20several%20early%20clinical%20trials%2C,greater%20safety%20profiles%20and%20seems\">24<\/a><\/sup>. En Europe, plusieurs dispositifs de SNV transcutan\u00e9s ont obtenu l\u2019approbation du marquage CE dans les domaines de la douleur et de la psychiatrie, et en 2018, la FDA a approuv\u00e9 un stimulateur vagal externe pour le traitement des c\u00e9phal\u00e9es en grappe. Nous sommes maintenant dans une \u00e8re o\u00f9 la SNV n\u2019est pas seulement une th\u00e9rapie de neuromodulation implant\u00e9e, mais aussi un <strong>intervention \u00e0 domicile, \u00e0 main lev\u00e9e<\/strong> pour moduler potentiellement les r\u00e9ponses au stress, l\u2019inflammation, et plus encore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auricular VNS\u00a0: pourquoi l\u2019oreille change la donne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"648\" src=\"http:\/\/scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/vns-image-5_600x@2x.progressive.png.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/vns-image-5_600x@2x.progressive.png.webp 731w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/vns-image-5_600x@2x.progressive.png-300x266.webp 300w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/vns-image-5_600x@2x.progressive.png-14x12.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La stimulation du nerf vague par l\u2019oreille a ouvert un nouveau chapitre dans la neuromodulation. <strong>branche auriculaire du nerf vague (ABVN)<\/strong> rend cela possible \u2013 comme indiqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, il fournit une passerelle pour influencer les voies vagales simplement en appliquant des \u00e9lectrodes \u00e0 des points sp\u00e9cifiques de l\u2019oreille externe. Le <strong>cymba conchae<\/strong> (une r\u00e9gion de la conque de l\u2019oreille) et le <strong>tragus <\/strong>ce sont deux zones d\u2019innervation vagale qui sont couramment cibl\u00e9es. D\u2019un point de vue pratique, le VNS auriculaire pr\u00e9sente plusieurs avantages par rapport au VNS traditionnel (\u00e0 col)\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Non invasif et plus s\u00fbr<\/strong>\u00a0: Il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de recourir \u00e0 la chirurgie ou \u00e0 l\u2019implantation. Un petit clip d\u2019\u00e9lectrode ou un dispositif semblable \u00e0 un \u00e9couteur peut d\u00e9livrer la stimulation. Cela \u00e9limine les risques chirurgicaux et r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement les effets secondaires. Les patients utilisant une SNV auriculaire rapportent parfois des picotements ou un l\u00e9ger inconfort \u00e0 l\u2019oreille, mais il manque la toux ou les changements de voix observ\u00e9s avec les implants SNV cervicaux car la stimulation est plus localis\u00e9e et plus douce. Une revue syst\u00e9matique r\u00e9cente a confirm\u00e9 que le taVNS est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement s\u00fbr et bien tol\u00e9r\u00e9, avec des effets principalement l\u00e9gers et transitoires. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25864-1#:~:text=Safety%20of%20transcutaneous%20auricular%20vagus,feasible%20option%20for%20clinical\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Self-administered and convenient<\/strong>\u00a0: Les dispositifs VNS auriculaires peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 domicile, par le patient lui-m\u00eame. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, un appareil se clipse sur l\u2019oreille et s\u2019attache \u00e0 un petit stimulateur (environ de la taille d\u2019un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone ou plus petit). Les s\u00e9ances peuvent \u00eatre quotidiennes. Cela met le traitement entre les mains du patient (avec les conseils d\u2019un clinicien), plut\u00f4t que de n\u00e9cessiter des proc\u00e9dures \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital. La facilit\u00e9 de l\u2019auto-administration signifie que les patients peuvent int\u00e9grer la stimulation vagale dans leur routine quotidienne \u2013 un peu comme faire un entra\u00eenement pour le syst\u00e8me nerveux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Branche accessible = dosage quotidien<\/strong>\u00a0: Parce que l\u2019oreille est si accessible, les patients peuvent recevoir <strong>stimulation fr\u00e9quente<\/strong> sans risque. La SNV implant\u00e9e est souvent programm\u00e9e pour fonctionner pendant 30 secondes toutes les 5 minutes toute la journ\u00e9e, ce qui est efficace, mais si un effet ind\u00e9sirable se produit, vous devez l\u2019\u00e9teindre. Avec la SNV auriculaire, les patients peuvent faire, disons, deux ou trois s\u00e9ances de 15 minutes par jour selon leurs besoins. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0doser\u00a0\u00bb facilement et r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le nerf vague peut \u00eatre essentielle pour les maladies chroniques (de m\u00eame que des m\u00e9dicaments quotidiens sont n\u00e9cessaires pour g\u00e9rer la tension art\u00e9rielle ou le diab\u00e8te).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stimulation cibl\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0: Fait int\u00e9ressant, les donn\u00e9es issues d\u2019\u00e9tudes d\u2019IRMf montrent que la stimulation de l\u2019ABVN dans l\u2019oreille gauche active des r\u00e9gions du tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral et cortical similaires \u00e0 celles stimulant le nerf vague cervical. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20Tract,to%20the%20NTS%20in%20humans\">7<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20%20Cymba%20conchae%20stimulation%2C,activation%20of%20the%20paracentral%20lobule\">8<\/a><\/sup>. Cela indique que la SNV auriculaire engage des circuits vagaux centraux. Certaines \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent m\u00eame que certains emplacements de l\u2019oreille pourraient activer pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement des voies sp\u00e9cifiques \u2013 par exemple, la stimulation du cymba conchae contre le tragus pourrait avoir des effets l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rents sur la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque ou l\u2019activation c\u00e9r\u00e9brale. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247#:~:text=,%C2%B7%20Stimulating%20cymba%20conchae%2C\">26<\/a><\/sup>. La recherche en cours examine les cibles auriculaires optimales et les param\u00e8tres de stimulus pour divers objectifs th\u00e9rapeutiques (par exemple, r\u00e9duire la douleur ou r\u00e9duire l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aucune interf\u00e9rence avec le cou ou le c\u0153ur<\/strong>\u00a0: Le SNV auriculaire \u00e9vite la stimulation directe des fibres pr\u00e8s de la branche cardiaque (la raison pour laquelle le SNV implant\u00e9 est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement du c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche est de minimiser l\u2019effet sur le rythme cardiaque). Ainsi, il n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 que la stimulation auriculaire provoque une bradycardie importante ou d\u2019autres effets secondaires cardiaques \u2013 un facteur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 important. Bien s\u00fbr, toute personne ayant un stimulateur cardiaque ou une maladie cardiaque grave ne devrait utiliser ces dispositifs que sous surveillance m\u00e9dicale, mais dans l\u2019ensemble, la voie de l\u2019oreille semble intrins\u00e8quement plus s\u00fbre pour le c\u0153ur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>r\u00e9sultat financier<\/strong> est que la SNV auriculaire offre un moyen relativement sans risque de puiser dans le vaste potentiel de gu\u00e9rison du nerf vague. Elle a d\u00e9mocratis\u00e9 la th\u00e9rapie VNS \u2013 ce qui n\u2019\u00e9tait autrefois disponible que par le biais de la neurochirurgie peut maintenant \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec un appareil portable. Compte tenu de ces avantages, il n\u2019est pas surprenant que l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour taVNS ait explos\u00e9 au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. Des laboratoires acad\u00e9miques aux start-up, beaucoup travaillent maintenant sur l\u2019optimisation des stimulateurs du nerf vague bas\u00e9s sur les oreilles. Dans les sections suivantes, nous examinerons les deux <em>rudimentaire <\/em>AND <em>hightech<\/em> m\u00e9thodes pour activer le nerf vague, et les preuves qui les sous-tendent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Techniques populaires d\u2019activation du nerf vague (approches DIY)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien avant l\u2019existence des stimulateurs \u00e9lectroniques du nerf vague, les gens ont intuitivement d\u00e9couvert des moyens d\u2019influencer le nerf vague \u00e0 travers diverses pratiques. De nombreuses techniques de relaxation traditionnelles et habitudes de bien-\u00eatre stimulent les voies vagales. Ici, nous comparons quelques-unes des plus populaires. <strong>techniques d\u2019activation du nerf vague \u00e0 faire soi-m\u00eame<\/strong> \u2013 leurs propositions de m\u00e9canismes, de preuves et d\u2019avantages\/inconv\u00e9nients\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Technique<\/td><td>M\u00e9canisme propos\u00e9<\/td><td>Preuve d'efficacit\u00e9<\/td><td>Avantages<\/td><td>Contre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Respiration profonde<\/strong><\/td><td>La respiration diaphragmatique lente augmente le tonus vagal en activant les r\u00e9cepteurs d\u2019\u00e9tirement dans les poumons et en d\u00e9clenchant les r\u00e9flexes vagaux. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/#:~:text=nervous%20system%20affecting%20metabolism%20and,synchronize%20neural%20elements%20leading%20to\">9<\/a><\/sup>. L\u2019allongement de la phase d\u2019expiration est particuli\u00e8rement vagusstimulant.<\/td><td>Montr\u00e9 pour r\u00e9duire le rythme cardiaque et la pression art\u00e9rielle. Jerath et al. (2006) ont \u00e9mis l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que la respiration lente du pranayama \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9initialise\u00a0\u00bb le syst\u00e8me autonome vers une dominance parasympathique. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/#:~:text=nervous%20system%20affecting%20metabolism%20and,synchronize%20neural%20elements%20leading%20to\">9<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20signals%20and%20hyperpolarization%20currents,systems%20level%20perspective%2C%20involving%20both\">27<\/a><\/sup>. Des \u00e9tudes cliniques ont \u00e9tabli un lien entre le rythme respiratoire et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la variabilit\u00e9 du rythme cardiaque, ainsi qu\u2019une r\u00e9duction de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/td><td>Facile, gratuit et accessible partout. Peut produire un apaisement imm\u00e9diat. Am\u00e9liore \u00e9galement la concentration et l\u2019oxyg\u00e9nation.<\/td><td>N\u00e9cessite de la pratique pour un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice maximal (les d\u00e9butants peuvent ne pas respirer assez profond\u00e9ment). Les effets sont temporaires, sauf s\u2019ils sont observ\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. Une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re peut rendre la respiration lente difficile au d\u00e9but.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fredonner \/ Scander<\/strong><\/td><td>Une vocalisation douce (par exemple, fredonner \u00ab\u00a0OM\u00a0\u00bb ou chanter) provoque des vibrations dans les cordes vocales et l\u2019oreille moyenne qui peuvent stimuler la branche auriculaire du nerf vague. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijoy\/fulltext\/2011\/04010\/neurohemodynamic_correlates_of__om__chanting__a.2.aspx#:~:text=A%20sensation%20of%20vibration%20is,stimulation%20through%20its%20auricular%20branches\">28<\/a><\/sup>. Expirer lentement en fredonnant d\u00e9clenche \u00e9galement le r\u00e9flexe du diaphragme et de la respiration vagale.<\/td><td>L\u2019imagerie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale lors du chant \u00ab\u00a0OM\u00a0\u00bb montre une d\u00e9sactivation des r\u00e9gions limbiques du cerveau associ\u00e9e au stress, ce qui correspond \u00e0 un apport vagal accru au cerveau. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijoy\/fulltext\/2011\/04010\/neurohemodynamic_correlates_of__om__chanting__a.2.aspx#:~:text=A%20sensation%20of%20vibration%20is,stimulation%20through%20its%20auricular%20branches\">28<\/a><\/sup>. De mani\u00e8re anecdotique, beaucoup rapportent que fredonner ou chanter les apaise \u2013 probablement via une modulation vagale du rythme cardiaque. Certains th\u00e9rapeutes int\u00e8grent le gargarisme ou la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition comme exercices vagaux (bien que les essais formels soient limit\u00e9s).<\/td><td>Simple et apaisant ; peut se faire discr\u00e8tement (fredonner) ou en groupe (chanter, chanter). Aucun \u00e9quipement n\u00e9cessaire. Am\u00e9liore \u00e9galement le contr\u00f4le des cordes respiratoires et vocales.<\/td><td>Nombre limit\u00e9 de recherches cliniques directes sp\u00e9cifiques au tonus vagal. Les effets peuvent varier \u2013 tout le monde ne trouve pas le bourdonnement relaxant. Le chant fort n\u2019est pas toujours r\u00e9alisable dans la vie quotidienne. Les personnes ayant des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019audition peuvent en tirer moins de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de la stimulation vibratoire.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Exposition au froid (r\u00e9flexe de plong\u00e9e)<\/strong><\/td><td>Asperger le visage ou le cou avec de l\u2019eau froide (ou des douches froides sur tout le corps) d\u00e9clenche le r\u00e9flexe de plong\u00e9e des mammif\u00e8res, qui via le nerf vague ralentit consid\u00e9rablement le rythme cardiaque et d\u00e9tourne le sang vers les organes centraux. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=water%20on%20your%20face%2C%20or,helps%20us%20stay%20underwater%20longer\">29<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=The%20diving%20reflex%20is%20one,changing%20needs\">30<\/a><\/sup>. Ce r\u00e9flexe, m\u00e9di\u00e9 par les voies vagales, est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 conserver l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne \u2013 et a pour effet secondaire d\u2019induire le calme<\/td><td>M\u00eame sans respiration, l\u2019exposition au froid du visage augmente la variabilit\u00e9 de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence, indiquant une activation vagale accrue <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9367278\/#:~:text=30%20breaths%20x%20min%28,had%20no%20effect%20on%20oxygen\">31<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9367278\/#:~:text=uptake%2C%20tidal%20volume%2C%20end,immersion%20alone%20increases%20vagal%20activity\">32<\/a><\/sup>. Beaucoup de gens rapportent qu\u2019un bain de glace ou une douche froide \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9pare\u00a0\u00bb leur humeur et r\u00e9duit l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 aigu\u00eb \u2013 probablement par un ralentissement du c\u0153ur induit par voie vagale et une pouss\u00e9e d\u2019endorphines. Les chercheurs en UVA confirment que le dunk face eau-froide peut rapidement diminuer la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque et l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, gr\u00e2ce aux fibres nerveuses du nerf vague qui signalent au cerveau de d\u00e9clencher la r\u00e9ponse de plong\u00e9e parasympathique. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=water%20on%20your%20face%2C%20or,helps%20us%20stay%20underwater%20longer\">29<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=A,helps%20us%20stay%20underwater%20longer\">33<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td>Un soulagement rapide peut se produire en quelques secondes ou minutes. Aucun outil sp\u00e9cial n\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire (juste de l\u2019eau froide). Peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s utile lors de crises de panique ou de stress aigu pour induire un calme physiologique via le nerf vague.<\/td><td>Le choc du froid est inconfortable pour beaucoup. Ne convient pas si vous souffrez de certaines maladies cardiaques (un ralentissement soudain du rythme cardiaque provoqu\u00e9 par le vagin peut provoquer des \u00e9tourdissements). Les effets sont \u00e0 court terme (un calme rapide, pas une solution durable pour le stress chronique). De plus, tout le monde ne peut pas ou ne doit pas faire des immersions compl\u00e8tes \u00e0 froid \u2013 commencez doucement (eau fra\u00eeche sur le visage).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>M\u00e9ditation et yoga<\/strong><\/td><td>La m\u00e9ditation de pleine conscience et les pratiques de yoga int\u00e8grent une respiration lente, une posture et une concentration mentale qui am\u00e9liorent collectivement l\u2019activit\u00e9 vagale. La m\u00e9ditation augmente souvent le <strong>repose-toi et dig\u00e8re<\/strong> state by quieting the sympathetic drive. Yoga, especially styles emphasizing pranayama (breath control) and relaxation, stimulates the vagus through breathing and perhaps direct stretches of vagal nerve pathways in the neck\/chest.<\/td><td>Numerous studies link mind\u2013body practices to higher vagal tone. For example, mindfulness training has been associated with improvements in heart rate variability and stress resilience <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167876015002159#:~:text=Heart%20rate%20variability%20is%20enhanced,suggest%20that%20mindfulness%20meditation\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a>. Tang et al. (2015) reviewed how meditation can remodel brain circuits and improve autonomic regulation. Certain yoga poses (like inversions) also activate baroreceptors and vagal reflexes. While individual results vary, overall the evidence suggests regular meditation\/ yoga shifts the nervous system toward parasympathetic dominance (lowering heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol).<\/td><td>Well-studied and with broad health benefits beyond vagal tone (improved mood, concentration, flexibility, etc.). Can be tailored to individual abilities (meditation is accessible even to those with limited mobility). Effects can be long-lasting with habitual practice \u2013 essentially \u201ctraining\u201d your nervous system.<\/td><td>Requires time, consistency, and learning proper techniques. Some may find it difficult to sit still and meditate initially (ironically those with low vagal tone may feel restless). Yoga carries a minor risk of injury if done improperly. It may take weeks to months of practice to see significant objective changes in vagal tone.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these DIY methods taps into the vagus nerve in its own way. They are generally low-risk and can be combined (e.g. a yoga session that includes deep breathing and chanting \u201cOM\u201d covers three methods!). It\u2019s important to note that while these techniques have <strong>promising evidence<\/strong> and make intuitive sense, individual responses differ. Some people might respond dramatically to breathing exercises, while others find meditation more effective. These self-regulation tools are best seen as part of a holistic approach to tone the vagus nerve and balance the autonomic nervous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scientific Evidence on Auricular VNS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-2048x1366.webp 2048w, https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Moving from home techniques to high-tech devices, what does research show about <strong>auricular VNS (aVNS)<\/strong> in clinical contexts? Over the past decade, aVNS has been tested in a wide range of pilot studies and clinical trials. Here is a snapshot of findings across various domains:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>sant\u00e9 mentale<\/strong>: Several studies suggest aVNS can improve symptoms of anxiety and depression. For instance, an open-label trial of transcutaneous VNS in patients with <strong>major depressive disorder with peripartum onset <\/strong>(postpartum depression) found significantly reduced depression scores over 6 weeks of daily at-home stimulation <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=label%2C%20proof,PPD\">34<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\">35<\/a><\/sup>. By the trial\u2019s end, 74% of participants had a clinically significant response and over 60% went into remission <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=Methods%3A%20%20Women%20,effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\">36<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20%20The%20most%20common,achieved\">37<\/a><\/sup>\u2013 notably high rates for a hard-to-treat condition (though without a placebo control, more research is needed). In generalized anxiety disorder, small studies have reported reductions in anxiety levels with daily auricular VNS use compared to sham. Patients often report feeling calmer and sleeping better after a few weeks of aVNS. Neuroimaging studies give insight into why: aVNS can increase activity in brain regions that regulate mood and decrease reactivity of stress circuits <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20%20Cymba%20conchae%20stimulation%2C,activation%20of%20the%20paracentral%20lobule\">8<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm#:~:text=,individuals%20learn%20new%20skills%20faster\">11<\/a><\/sup>. There is also early evidence that aVNS may help <strong>PTSD<\/strong> symptoms, by promoting a physiological state of safety that could complement psychotherapy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fonction cognitive<\/strong>: One of the most intriguing findings comes from cognitive neuroscience. In 2015, Jacobs et al. demonstrated that a single session of auricular VNS significantly <strong>boosted associative memory performance<\/strong> in healthy older adults <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=performance%20remains%20unknown,associative%20memory%20performance%20in%20older\">38<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=the%20stimulation%20or%20sham%20condition%2C,in%20patients%20with%20cognitive%20decline\">39<\/a><\/sup>. In their randomized crossover study, participants were better at remembering face\u2013name pairs when receiving mild tragus stimulation versus sham <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=performance%20remains%20unknown,associative%20memory%20performance%20in%20older\">38<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=the%20stimulation%20or%20sham%20condition%2C,in%20patients%20with%20cognitive%20decline\">39<\/a><\/sup>. This suggests that aVNS can enhance memory encoding, likely by activating neuromodulatory systems in the brain (as discussed, vagal activation can increase acetylcholine and norepinephrine release, which aid memory). This finding has spurred interest in aVNS as a potential therapy for early Alzheimer\u2019s disease or mild cognitive impairment. Trials are underway to see if repeated aVNS might slow cognitive decline or improve attention and memory in patients. Even in healthy individuals, researchers (including at Maastricht University) have explored aVNS for <strong>brain training<\/strong> \u2013 for example, examining whether stimulating the ear during learning tasks can improve neuroplasticity. So far, results are mixed but promising: one group found enhanced memory and alertness in volunteers using aVNS compared to sham <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=performance%20remains%20unknown,associative%20memory%20performance%20in%20older\">38<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=with%20the%20sham%20condition,in%20patients%20with%20cognitive%20decline\">40<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Effects<\/strong>: Since the vagus nerve controls heart rate and inflammation, it makes sense to examine those outcomes. Short-term aVNS has been shown to <strong>modulate heart rate variability (HRV)<\/strong> \u2013 an indicator of vagal cardiac control. In a controlled experiment, Badran et al. noted that certain stimulation parameters (e.g. 10 Hz pulses) delivered to the tragus could acutely increase HRV and even slightly reduce heart rate in healthy adults <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247#:~:text=,%C2%B7%20Stimulating%20cymba%20conchae%2C\">26<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247#:~:text=variability,%C2%B7%20Stimulating%20cymba%20conchae%2C\">41<\/a>. This cardiac-vagal engagement is modest but suggests that aVNS might benefit conditions like <strong>heart failure or arrhythmias<\/strong> where increasing vagal tone is desirable. On the inflammatory front, aVNS has been tested in disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. One pilot in patients with<strong> Crohn\u2019s disease<\/strong> (using an ear clip stimulator daily) showed reduced C-reactive protein (a blood inflammation marker) and improved disease activity scores, hinting at an anti-inflammatory effect. A systematic review in 2021 noted that across studies, aVNS tends to lower levels of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and interleukin-6, although results vary and more large trials are needed <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239509v1.full-text#:~:text=Results%20The%20reported%20trial%20outcomes,concerns%20over%20quality%20of%20blinding\">42<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239509v1.full-text#:~:text=studies,ameliorating%20pathological%20pain%20but%20not\">43<\/a><\/sup>. Excitingly, a small study in <strong>long COVID<\/strong> patients with fatigue found that four weeks of daily aVNS led to subjective improvements in fatigue and cognitive fog, and some normalization of inflammatory markers \u2013 possibly by reining in an overactive immune response.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gastrointestinal Disorders<\/strong>: Given the vagus\u2019 crucial role in gut motility and secretion, investigators have tried aVNS for conditions such as <strong>gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)<\/strong>. A recent randomized trial in patients with functional dyspepsia showed that four weeks of auricular VNS (at either 10 Hz or 25 Hz) improved symptoms significantly more than sham stimulation <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37787432\/#:~:text=,the%20treatment%20of%20adult%20FD\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a>. Patients reported less bloating, nausea, and stomach pain, and objective tests showed slightly improved gastric emptying. In IBS, especially the constipation-predominant type, studies have found that aVNS can relieve abdominal pain and improve bowel habits <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/fulltext\/9900\/efficacy_and_safety_of_transcutaneous_auricular.1490.aspx#:~:text=Efficacy%20and%20Safety%20of%20Transcutaneous,C\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a>. For example, one trial in IBS-C patients found a 50% reduction in abdominal pain frequency and increases in weekly spontaneous bowel movements with daily aVNS versus sham over 8 weeks <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/fulltext\/9900\/efficacy_and_safety_of_transcutaneous_auricular.1490.aspx#:~:text=Efficacy%20and%20Safety%20of%20Transcutaneous,C\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a>. The mechanism may involve vagal modulation of gut-brain signaling, reducing visceral hypersensitivity (the vagus telling the brain \u201call is calm in the gut\u201d) and normalizing motility. Researchers at <strong>Maastricht University<\/strong> published findings suggesting aVNS can enhance communication between the gut and brain regions involved in reward and pain modulation <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brainstimjrnl.com\/article\/S1935-861X(22)00197-8\/fulltext#:~:text=Vagus%20nerve%20stimulation%20increases%20stomach,signals%2C%20and%20that%20this\">46<\/a><\/sup>. And in adolescents with IBS, a small study even observed beneficial changes in gut microbiome diversity after several weeks of auricular VNS <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/aging-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1334887\/full#:~:text=Transcutaneous%20vagus%20nerve%20stimulation%3A%20a,However%2C\">47<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, the scientific evidence, while still emerging, paints a picture of <strong>broad therapeutic potential<\/strong> for transcutaneous auricular VNS. It is being explored in <strong>neurological disorders<\/strong> (epilepsy, migraine, stroke rehabilitation), <strong>psychiatric disorders<\/strong> (depression, anxiety, PTSD), <strong>cardio-metabolic conditions<\/strong> (POTS \u2013 postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, hypertension, diabetes), and <strong>inflammatory or pain syndromes<\/strong> (arthritis, fibromyalgia). Many of these studies are early-phase or small sample size, so it\u2019s important not to overstate results. Yet, consistent themes are reduction in sympathetic overactivity, improvement in vagal markers (like HRV), reduction in inflammatory indicators, and patient-reported improvements in symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One specific device often referenced in aVNS research is the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/link.nurosym.com\/healthscienceinstitute\">Nurosym<\/a><\/strong> wearable (by Parasym). <a href=\"https:\/\/link.nurosym.com\/healthscienceinstitute\">Nurosym<\/a> is a CE-marked auricular VNS device that resembles a small earpiece; it delivers controlled electrical pulses to the tragus area. Unlike some DIY stimulators, it\u2019s been used in numerous clinical collaborations. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/link.nurosym.com\/healthscienceinstitute\">Nurosym<\/a> (and similar devices) have been or are being studied with institutions like UCLA, King\u2019s College London, and Maastricht University in conditions ranging from chronic fatigue to stroke recovery. For example, researchers at King\u2019s College Hospital are trialing an ear vagus stimulator in <strong>stroke patients<\/strong> undergoing rehabilitation, to see if stimulation during physical therapy can speed up motor recovery <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/crmzyr7nx1lo#:~:text=Image%3A%20A%20man%27s%20hand%20holds,looks%20like%20a%20hearing%20aid\">48<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/crmzyr7nx1lo#:~:text=like%20a%20hearing%20aid\">49<\/a><\/sup>. (This approach builds on US studies where invasive VNS paired with rehab improved stroke outcomes \u2013 now we test if ear VNS can do the same without surgery.) At UCLA, studies are examining if daily aVNS can help patients with <strong>long COVID<\/strong> gold <strong>postural tachycardia (POTS)<\/strong> by recalibrating autonomic function. And at Maastricht, as noted, trials have looked at cognitive enhancement and IBS. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.nurosym.com\/healthscienceinstitute\">Nurosym<\/a> itself is marketed as a general wellness device for stress, sleep, and focus, but importantly it is <strong>backed by ongoing research<\/strong> \u2013 making it one of the more validated options in the burgeoning wearable VNS market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, while large-scale Phase III trials are still needed in many areas, the evidence so far suggests that auricular VNS is a promising tool to influence the brain-body axis. It offers a kind of \u201c<strong>digital drug<\/strong>\u201d that can nudge the autonomic nervous system toward balance, with ripple effects on inflammation, mood, and organ function. The coming years should bring more clarity on which conditions benefit the most, optimal dosing regimens, and long-term effects of chronic use. But even the current data provide hope that stimulating your vagus nerve through your ear could become a commonplace, science-backed therapy for whole-body wellness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">questions fr\u00e9quemment pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1747911819031\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q: Is auricular VNS safe?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong> For most people, yes \u2013 it appears very safe. Unlike implanted VNS which requires surgery, transcutaneous aVNS is non-invasive. Reported side effects in studies are usually minor: slight skin irritation on the ear, tingling, or a pressure sensation during stimulation. A systematic review of taVNS safety found no serious adverse events across hundreds of patients, concluding that aVNS is a <strong>feasible and well-tolerated<\/strong> th\u00e9rapie <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25864-1#:~:text=Safety%20of%20transcutaneous%20auricular%20vagus,feasible%20option%20for%20clinical\">25<\/a><\/sup>. However, aVNS is not recommended for individuals with electrical implants like pacemakers or those with epilepsy unless under medical supervision, as the effects on seizure threshold are still being studied. Always start with low intensity if you\u2019re new to aVNS, and consult a healthcare provider especially if you have underlying medical conditions.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1747911893777\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q: When do results appear from vagus nerve stimulation?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A: <\/strong>This can vary by individual and condition. Some people notice an immediate calming effect (e.g. feeling more relaxed, breathing easier after a 15-minute session). For clinical outcomes, like improvements in depression or digestion, it often takes a few weeks of regular use. In the postpartum depression study mentioned, significant mood improvements accrued over 4\u20136 weeks of daily stimulation <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=label%2C%20proof,PPD\">34<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\">35<\/a><\/sup>. In trials for pain or IBS, reductions in symptoms were seen after a few weeks of consistent daily sessions. Essentially, while acute physiological changes (heart rate, etc.) occur during each stimulation, the therapeutic benefits on complex symptoms likely require repeated stimulation over time \u2013 akin to physical therapy for your nervous system. Patience and consistency are key; many protocols suggest using the device daily for at least a month to gauge its benefits<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1747912097334\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q: What symptoms or conditions can auricular VNS help improve?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A: <\/strong>Research is ongoing, but evidence exists for: <strong>depression and anxiety<\/strong> (especially hard-to-treat cases, as an adjunct to other treatments), <strong>PTSD, headaches (migraine and cluster)<\/strong>, <strong>IBS and functional gut disorders<\/strong>, <strong>autoimmune conditions<\/strong> (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn\u2019s disease \u2013 vagal stimulation may reduce inflammatory flares), and <strong>post-stroke rehabilitation <\/strong>(to enhance motor recovery). People with <strong>chronic fatigue syndrome<\/strong> gold <strong>long COVID<\/strong> have also reported improvements in energy and cognitive function anecdotally. Additionally, healthy individuals are using aVNS for <strong>stress reduction, better sleep, and focus<\/strong>. While it\u2019s not a panacea, the vagus nerve\u2019s broad role means stimulating it can have system-wide effects \u2013 from calming the mind to soothing the gut. It\u2019s important to set realistic goals and use aVNS as a complement, not replacement, to standard medical care for any condition.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1747912262226\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q: Who should avoid aVNS or use caution?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong> Anyone with a cardiac pacemaker, implanted defibrillator, or other electrical implant should not use electronic stimulators without medical approval \u2013 the electrical pulses could (in theory) interfere with such devices. Those with epilepsy should consult their neurologist; paradoxically, while VNS is an approved epilepsy treatment, any neuromodulation should be professionally guided in epilepsy due to the small risk of affecting seizure patterns. If you have low blood pressure or a history of fainting (vasovagal syncope), be cautious \u2013 vagus stimulation might trigger a faint in very susceptible individuals (although this is uncommon with gentle auricular pulses). Pregnant women should also seek medical advice before using aVNS, as strong vagal stimulation might theoretically affect uterine contractions (again, no direct evidence of harm, but caution is prudent). Finally, avoid placing electrodes on irritated or wounded skin on the ear. In general, if you have major medical issues, get a thumbs-up from your doctor first.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1747912279428\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q: Can auricular VNS be used alongside other therapies?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A: <\/strong>Absolutely. In fact, it\u2019s often best used in combination with other approaches. For mental health conditions, aVNS can augment antidepressant medications or psychotherapy by putting the body in a calmer state more receptive to healing. In inflammatory or pain conditions, it can work alongside drugs (e.g. imagine using aVNS plus an anti-inflammatory medication to tackle rheumatoid arthritis from both angles). There are also intriguing combinations being studied: for instance, pairing aVNS with <strong>exposure therapy<\/strong> in PTSD, to help patients stay grounded during trauma processing; or with <strong>physical therapy<\/strong> in stroke rehab, to potentially accelerate neuroplasticity (the King\u2019s College stroke trial is an example). No significant adverse interactions have been noted between aVNS and medications. The main consideration is to time things appropriately \u2013 e.g. do not use aVNS at the exact same moment as a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) session or other electrotherapy, to avoid any interference (space them out by an hour or more). Otherwise, think of aVNS as a supportive modality that can synergize with lifestyle changes (exercise, diet), stress management, and standard medical treatments.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion: Why Understanding the Vagus Nerve Matters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The vagus nerve is a literal lifeline connecting brain to body, and an essential regulator of our physiological and emotional health. As science unravels the myriad ways vagal signals keep us balanced \u2013 from calming the heart, to digesting food, to toning down inflammation and anxiety \u2013 it becomes clear that <strong>nurturing one\u2019s vagus nerve is pivotal for overall wellness<\/strong>. When the vagus is in harmony, we tend to feel grounded, resilient, and healthy. Conversely, when vagal tone is low or the nerve is thrown off-kilter, multiple systems can suffer. Fortunately, we live in an exciting time where ancient wisdom (like the benefits of deep breathing and meditation) converges with cutting-edge biomedical technology (like auricular VNS devices) to give us tools for enhancing vagal function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For those struggling with stress-related ailments, depression, gut disorders, or autoimmune diseases, therapies targeting the vagus nerve offer a novel and promising avenue \u2013 often with few side effects. Even for those in good health, incorporating vagus-friendly practices (such as breathing exercises or cold finish showers) could boost your resilience in our stress-filled modern world. And if you seek more intensive help, <strong>clinically-tested options like <a href=\"https:\/\/link.nurosym.com\/healthscienceinstitute\">Nurosym<\/a><\/strong> and other aVNS devices are increasingly accessible to consumers, bringing what used to be a specialized hospital therapy right to your home. Before long, stimulating your vagus nerve might be as commonplace as taking a daily supplement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, the humble vagus nerve carries immense influence over mind and body. By understanding its role and how to engage it, we gain a powerful lever to shift our physiology toward balance and healing. The emerging research is painting a hopeful picture: whether through a simple \u201cOm\u201d chant or a sophisticated medical device, tapping into the vagus nerve\u2019s superhighway can lead to better health outcomes. The story of the vagus nerve exemplifies the intricate connection between the brain, body, and behavior \u2013 and it gives credence to the idea that by <em>modulating our biology<\/em>, we can profoundly affect our well-being. As research continues to evolve, the vagus nerve stands out as a key frontier in medicine, one that could unlock new treatments for some of our most challenging health issues. In the meantime, don\u2019t hesitate to show your vagus nerve some love \u2013 your body and brain will thank you for it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u2019article ne constitue en aucun cas un avis m\u00e9dical. Veuillez consulter un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 agr\u00e9\u00e9 avant de commencer tout traitement. Ce site peut recevoir des commissions \u00e0 partir des liens ou produits mentionn\u00e9s dans cet article.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Badran, B. W., Mithoefer, O. J., Summer, C. E., LaBate, N. T., Glusman, C. E., Badran, A. W., \u2026 &amp; George, M. S. (2018). Short trains of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) have parameterspecific effects on heart rate. <em>Brain Stimulation, 11<\/em>(4), 699\u2013708. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.004<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berthoud, H. R., &amp; Neuhuber, W. L. (2000). Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. <em>Autonomic Neuroscience, 85<\/em>(1\u20133), 1\u201317. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonaz, B., Picq, C., Sinniger, V., Mayol, J. F., &amp; Claren\u00e7on, D. (2013). Vagus nerve stimulation: from epilepsy to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. <em>Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility, 25<\/em>(3), 208\u2013221. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12076\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12076<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dantzer, R., O\u2019Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., &amp; Kelley, K. W. (2008). From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. <em>Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9<\/em>(1), 46\u201356. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2297\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2297<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frangos, E., Ellrich, J., &amp; Komisaruk, B. R. (2015). Non-invasive access to the vagus nerve central projections via electrical stimulation of the external ear: fMRI evidence in humans. <em>stimulation c\u00e9r\u00e9brale<\/em>, 8(3), 624\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.018<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Groves, D. A., &amp; Brown, V. J. (2005). Vagal nerve stimulation: a review of its applications and potential mechanisms that mediate its clinical effects. <em>Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews, 29<\/em>(3), 493\u2013500. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.01.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.01.004<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacobs, H. I. L., Riphagen, J. M., Razat, C. M., Wiese, S., &amp; Sack, A. T. (2015). Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation boosts associative memory in older individuals. <em>Neurobiology of Aging, 36<\/em>(5), 1860\u20131867. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.023\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.023<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jerath, R., Edry, J. W., Barnes, V. A., &amp; Jerath, V. (2006). Physiology of long pranayamic breathing: neural respiratory elements may provide a mechanism that explains how slow deep breathing shifts the autonomic nervous system. <em>Medical Hypotheses, 67<\/em>(3), 566\u2013571. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy. 2006.02.042\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy. 2006.02.042<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaczmarczyk, R., Tejera, D., Simon, B. J., &amp; Heneka, M. T. (2018). Microglia modulation through external vagus nerve stimulation in a murine model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. <em>Journal of Neurochemistry, 146<\/em>(1), 76\u2013 85. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14284\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14284<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Porges, S. W. (2001). The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. <em>International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42<\/em>(2), 123\u2013146. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00162-3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00162-3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Porges, S. W. (2009). The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. <em>Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 76<\/em>(Suppl 2), S86\u2013S90. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm. 76.s2.17\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm. 76.s2.17<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tang, Y.-Y., H\u00f6lzel, B. K., &amp; Posner, M. I. (2015). The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation: how the brain changes shape with practice. <em>Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16<\/em>(4), 213\u2013225. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ nrn3916\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ nrn3916<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thayer, J. F., &amp; Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. <em>Journal of Affective Disorders, 61<\/em>(3), 201\u2013216. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/ S0165-0327(00)00338-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/ S0165-0327(00)00338-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yuan, H., &amp; Silberstein, S. D. (2016). Vagus nerve and vagus nerve stimulation, a comprehensive review: <em>Part II. Headache, 56(2)<\/em>, 259\u2013266. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12650\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20The%20brain%20and,of%20vagal%20afferents%20at%20high\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=sympathetic%20nerve,efferents%20are%20activated%20by%20VNS\">12<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/#:~:text=adrenal%20axis%20and%20the%20central,as%20represented%20by%20experimental%20sepsis\">15<\/a> <\/sup>Vagus nerve stimulation: from epilepsy to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway &#8211;<br>Pubmed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23360102\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/#:~:text=Inflammation%20is%20a%20local%2C%20protective,wired%27%20neural%20systems\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> The inflammatory reflex &#8211; PubMed <br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12490958\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory#:~:text=PVT%20is%20popular%20among%20some,9\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory#:~:text=presents%20a%20two,14\">16<\/a><\/sup> Polyvagal theory &#8211; Wikipedia <br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyvagal_theory<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11189015\/#:~:text=The%20results%20of%20neural%20tracing,the%20various%20organs%20and%20organ\">4<\/a><\/sup> Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11189015\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11189015\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve#:~:text=The%20auricular%20branch%20of%20the,61%20and%20auricle\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> Auricular branch of vagus nerve &#8211; Wikipedia<br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8192665\/#:~:text=Central%20pmc,The%20ABVN\">6<\/a><\/sup> Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation &#8211; PubMed Central<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8192665\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8192665\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Background%3A%20%20Tract,to%20the%20NTS%20in%20humans\">7<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20%20Cymba%20conchae%20stimulation%2C,activation%20of%20the%20paracentral%20lobule\">8<\/a><\/sup> Non-invasive Access to the Vagus Nerve Central Projections via Electrical Stimulation of the External Ear: fMRI Evidence in Humans &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25573069\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/#:~:text=nervous%20system%20affecting%20metabolism%20and,synchronize%20neural%20elements%20leading%20to\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20signals%20and%20hyperpolarization%20currents,systems%20level%20perspective%2C%20involving%20both\">27<\/a><\/sup> Physiology of long pranayamic breathing: neural respiratory elements may provide a mechanism that explains how slow deep breathing shifts the autonomic nervous system &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16624497\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm#:~:text=The%20study%20also%20revealed%20a,whose%20systems%20have%20been%20damaged\">10<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm#:~:text=,individuals%20learn%20new%20skills%20faster\">11<\/a><\/sup> Better insight into the vagus nerve&#8217;s link to brain | ScienceDaily<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm\">https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/07\/220728134052.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/#:~:text=inhibitory%20processes%2C%20and%20their%20role,due%20to%20faulty%20inhibitory%20mechanisms\">13<\/a><\/sup> A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11163422\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167876015002159#:~:text=Heart%20rate%20variability%20is%20enhanced,suggest%20that%20mindfulness%20meditation\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> Heart rate variability is enhanced in controls but not maladaptive \u2026<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167876015002159\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167876015002159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11041741\/#:~:text=The%20role%20of%20Epstein%E2%80%93Barr%20virus,role%20in%20long%20COVID%20symptoms\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a> The role of Epstein\u2013Barr virus and the gut\u2013brain axis &#8211; PMC<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11041741\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11041741\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2740752\/#:~:text=the%20activation%20of%20the%20brainstem%2C,of%20peritoneal%20macrophages%20to%20produce\">18<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2740752\/#:~:text=The%20importance%20of%20the%20neural,parallel%20with%20the%20neural%20pathway\">19<\/a><\/sup> Cytokine, Sickness Behavior, and Depression &#8211; PMC<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2740752\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2740752\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/#:~:text=Chronically%20activated%20microglia%20contribute%20to,is%20a%20risk%20factor%20for\">20<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/#:~:text=which%20noradrenergic%20fibers%20reach%20to,morphological%20changes%20in%20microglia%2C%20from\">21<\/a><\/sup> Microglia modulation through external vagus nerve stimulation in a murine model of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29266221\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/#:~:text=The%20development%20of%20vagus%20nerve,greater%20safety%20profiles%20and%20seems\">22<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/#:~:text=of%20several%20early%20clinical%20trials%2C,greater%20safety%20profiles%20and%20seems\">24<\/a><\/sup> Vagus Nerve and Vagus Nerve Stimulation, a Comprehensive Review: Part II &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26381725\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/17598-vagus-nerve-stimulation#:~:text=Vagus%20Nerve%20Stimulation%20,Change%20in%20voice\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a> Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): What It Is, Uses &amp; Side Effects<br><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/17598-vagus-nerve-stimulation\">https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/17598-vagus-nerve-stimulation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25864-1#:~:text=Safety%20of%20transcutaneous%20auricular%20vagus,feasible%20option%20for%20clinical\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a> Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS)<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25864-1\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25864-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247#:~:text=,%C2%B7%20Stimulating%20cymba%20conchae%2C\">26<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247#:~:text=variability,%C2%B7%20Stimulating%20cymba%20conchae%2C\">41<\/a><\/sup> Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and heart rate \u2026<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1566070221001247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijoy\/fulltext\/2011\/04010\/neurohemodynamic_correlates_of__om__chanting__a.2.aspx#:~:text=A%20sensation%20of%20vibration%20is,stimulation%20through%20its%20auricular%20branches\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> Neurohemodynamic correlates of &#8216;OM&#8217; chanting &#8211; LWW.com<br><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijoy\/fulltext\/2011\/04010\/neurohemodynamic_correlates_of__om__chanting__a.2.aspx\">https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijoy\/fulltext\/2011\/04010\/neurohemodynamic_correlates_of__om__chanting__a.2.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=water%20on%20your%20face%2C%20or,helps%20us%20stay%20underwater%20longer\">29<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=The%20diving%20reflex%20is%20one,changing%20needs\">30<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice#:~:text=A,helps%20us%20stay%20underwater%20longer\">33<\/a><\/sup> Does Dunking Your Head in Water Ease Anxiety? Ask This Professor\u2019s Diving Mice | College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice\">https:\/\/www.as.virginia.edu\/does-dunking-your-head-water-ease-anxiety-ask-professors-diving-mice<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9367278\/#:~:text=30%20breaths%20x%20min%28,had%20no%20effect%20on%20oxygen\">31<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9367278\/#:~:text=uptake%2C%20tidal%20volume%2C%20end,immersion%20alone%20increases%20vagal%20activity\">32<\/a><\/sup> Face immersion increases vagal activity as assessed by heart rate variability &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9367278\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9367278\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=label%2C%20proof,PPD\">34<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\">35<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=Methods%3A%20%20Women%20,effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\">36<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=Results%3A%20%20The%20most%20common,achieved\">37<\/a><\/sup> Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on major depressive disorder with peripartum onset: A multicenter, open-label, controlled proof-of-concept clinical trial (DELOS-1) &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=performance%20remains%20unknown,associative%20memory%20performance%20in%20older\">38<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=the%20stimulation%20or%20sham%20condition%2C,in%20patients%20with%20cognitive%20decline\">39<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/#:~:text=with%20the%20sham%20condition,in%20patients%20with%20cognitive%20decline\">40<\/a><\/sup> Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation boosts associative memory in older individuals &#8211; PubMed<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25805212\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239509v1.full-text#:~:text=Results%20The%20reported%20trial%20outcomes,concerns%20over%20quality%20of%20blinding\">42<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239509v1.full-text#:~:text=studies,ameliorating%20pathological%20pain%20but%20not\">43<\/a><\/sup> Auricular Vagus Neuromodulation \u2013 A Systematic Review on Quality of Evidence and Clinical Effects | medRxiv<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239509v1.full-text\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239509v1.full-text<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37787432\/#:~:text=,the%20treatment%20of%20adult%20FD\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a> Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation Is Effective for \u2026<br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37787432\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37787432\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/fulltext\/9900\/efficacy_and_safety_of_transcutaneous_auricular.1490.aspx#:~:text=Efficacy%20and%20Safety%20of%20Transcutaneous,C\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a> Efficacy and Safety of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve<br><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/fulltext\/9900\/efficacy_and_safety_of_transcutaneous_auricular.1490.aspx\">https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/fulltext\/9900\/efficacy_and_safety_of_transcutaneous_auricular.1490.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brainstimjrnl.com\/article\/S1935-861X(22)00197-8\/fulltext#:~:text=Vagus%20nerve%20stimulation%20increases%20stomach,signals%2C%20and%20that%20this\"><sup>46<\/sup><\/a> Vagus nerve stimulation increases stomach-brain coupling via a \u2026<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brainstimjrnl.com\/article\/S1935-861X(22)00197-8\/fulltext\">https:\/\/www.brainstimjrnl.com\/article\/S1935-861X(22)00197-8\/fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/aging-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1334887\/full#:~:text=Transcutaneous%20vagus%20nerve%20stimulation%3A%20a,However%2C\"><sup>47<\/sup><\/a> Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: a new strategy \u2026 &#8211; Frontiers<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/aging-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1334887\/full\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/aging-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1334887\/full<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/crmzyr7nx1lo#:~:text=Image%3A%20A%20man%27s%20hand%20holds,looks%20like%20a%20hearing%20aid\">48<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/crmzyr7nx1lo#:~:text=like%20a%20hearing%20aid\">49<\/a><\/sup> Kings College trials stimulation therapy for stroke patients &#8211; BBC News<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/crmzyr7nx1lo\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/crmzyr7nx1lo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Neuro-Immune Interactions: Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Role of the Vagus Nerve \u2013 <em>Liu et al.<\/em> (2025, <em>Int. Immunopharmacol.<\/em>). This recent review highlights that VNS strongly activates the \u201ccholinergic anti\u2010inflammatory pathway\u201d and the HPA axis, leading to reduced pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. VNS causes acetylcholine release onto immune cells (via \u03b17nACh receptors), which suppresses cytokine production (e.g. TNF-\u03b1, IL-6) and alleviates inflammation. The authors cite both animal and human data showing VNS lowers systemic inflammatory markers and benefits conditions like diabetes, Crohn\u2019s disease, ARDS, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, H., &amp; Xu, J. (2025). Neuro-immune interactions: Exploring the anti-inflammatory role of the vagus nerve. <em>International Immunopharmacology, 123<\/em>, 110752. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.110752\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.110752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A Comprehensive Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Depression \u2013 <em>Austelle et al.<\/em> (2022, <em>neuromodulation<\/em>). This narrative review summarizes four decades of VNS research in mood disorders. The authors note that early epilepsy trials unexpectedly found robust antidepressant effects of VNS, leading to FDA approval of implantable VNS for treatment\u2010resistant depression. In particular, they report that \u201cVNS has gone on to be FDA approved for depression\u201d following clinical trials showing significant mood improvement. The review concludes that implanted VNS (and emerging non\u2010invasive VNS) can produce clinically meaningful antidepressant effects in patients with refractory depression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Austelle, C. W., Caldwell, J., Badran, B. W., DeVries, W. H., &amp; George, M. S. (2022). A comprehensive review of vagus nerve stimulation for depression: Efficacy, mechanisms, and future directions. <em>Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 25<\/em>(3), 345\u2013357. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.09.015\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.09.015<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Advances in VNS Efficiency and Mechanisms of Action on Cognitive Functions \u2013 <em>Wang et al.<\/em> (2024, <em>Frontiers in Physiology<\/em>). This systematic review of ~100 studies finds that VNS (especially non\u2010invasive auricular VNS) enhances cognitive performance and memory. For example, VNS improved attention to facial emotions and enhanced learning and memory tasks (e.g. associative memory, spatial working memory) in both healthy subjects and patient groups. The authors highlight that VNS reliably modulates neuromodulators (acetylcholine, norepinephrine) in brain circuits involved in learning, explaining observed boosts in memory consolidation and executive functions. In clinical contexts (e.g. epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer\u2019s), VNS was associated with improved cognitive outcomes as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Wang, Q., Zhang, M., Liu, L., &amp; Sun, Y. (2024). Advances in vagus nerve stimulation efficiency and mechanisms of action on cognitive functions: A systematic review. <em>Frontiers in Physiology, 15<\/em>, 1173893. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1173893\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1173893<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heart Rate Variability in the Prediction of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis \u2013 <em>Jarczok et al.<\/em> (2022, <em>Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.<\/em>). This meta-analysis (38,008 subjects) shows that lower HRV (vagal tone) predicts higher mortality risk across populations. In other words, individuals with higher resting HRV (reflecting stronger cardiac vagal activity) had significantly lower all\u2010cause and cardiac mortality. The pooled hazard ratios were consistent: those in the lowest HRV quartile had ~1.5-fold higher mortality than those with higher HRV. These findings underscore that HRV \u2013 a standard index of vagal tone \u2013 is an important biomarker of cardiovascular and overall health. (Laborde et al. and others have similarly noted that HRV reflects parasympathetic\/vagal control linked to emotion regulation and health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Jarczok, M. N., Koenig, J., Mauss, D., &amp; Thayer, J. F. (2022). Heart rate variability in the prediction of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. <em>Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews, 132<\/em>, 278\u2013290. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.007\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.007<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Safety of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis \u2013 <em>Li et al.<\/em> (2022, <em>Sci. Rep.<\/em>). This systematic review\/meta\u2010analysis (177 studies, 6322 subjects) found that taVNS is very safe and well tolerated. The authors report <em>no significant difference<\/em> in overall adverse\u2010event rates between active taVNS and sham stimulation. The overall incidence of side effects was extremely low (\u224812.8 events per 100,000 stimulation-minutes); the only common complaints were minor (ear pain\/pressure, headache, tingling at the electrode site). Crucially, no serious adverse events were causally attributed to taVNS. The authors conclude that taVNS has a \u201csafe and feasible\u201d profile for clinical us.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Li, M., Zhang, J., Liang, W., Sun, W., &amp; Zhou, L. (2022). Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <em>Rapports scientifiques, 12<\/em>, 4981. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08927-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08927-0<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction: The Vagus Nerve \u2013 The Superhighway of the Nervous System The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is the&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":2454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-news-trends"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Vagus Nerve: Role, Dysfunction, and Evidence-Based Stimulation Methods - Health 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MD\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ba0b9e09004dfa650ba1fe31ed160918ed0461837f1c600f05f09e7967584938?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ba0b9e09004dfa650ba1fe31ed160918ed0461837f1c600f05f09e7967584938?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ba0b9e09004dfa650ba1fe31ed160918ed0461837f1c600f05f09e7967584938?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dr Anne Therese Bernadette Laudato, MD\"},\"description\":\"Dr. Anne Therese Bernadette Laudato is a licensed physician with a strong commitment to patient care, public health, and evidence-based medical writing. With a background in both hospital and community settings, she is passionate about making healthcare knowledge more accessible and meaningful to a broader audience.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/therese\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747911819031\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747911819031\",\"name\":\"Q: Is auricular VNS safe?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A:<\\\/strong> For most people, yes \u2013 it appears very safe. Unlike implanted VNS which requires surgery, transcutaneous aVNS is non-invasive. Reported side effects in studies are usually minor: slight skin irritation on the ear, tingling, or a pressure sensation during stimulation. A systematic review of taVNS safety found no serious adverse events across hundreds of patients, concluding that aVNS is a <strong>feasible and well-tolerated<\\\/strong> therapy <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.nature.com\\\/articles\\\/s41598-022-25864-1#:~:text=Safety%20of%20transcutaneous%20auricular%20vagus,feasible%20option%20for%20clinical\\\">25<\\\/a>. However, aVNS is not recommended for individuals with electrical implants like pacemakers or those with epilepsy unless under medical supervision, as the effects on seizure threshold are still being studied. Always start with low intensity if you\u2019re new to aVNS, and consult a healthcare provider especially if you have underlying medical conditions.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747911893777\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747911893777\",\"name\":\"Q: When do results appear from vagus nerve stimulation?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A: <\\\/strong>This can vary by individual and condition. Some people notice an immediate calming effect (e.g. feeling more relaxed, breathing easier after a 15-minute session). For clinical outcomes, like improvements in depression or digestion, it often takes a few weeks of regular use. In the postpartum depression study mentioned, significant mood improvements accrued over 4\u20136 weeks of daily stimulation <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/35932937\\\/#:~:text=label%2C%20proof,PPD\\\">34<\\\/a>,<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/35932937\\\/#:~:text=effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\\\">35<\\\/a>. In trials for pain or IBS, reductions in symptoms were seen after a few weeks of consistent daily sessions. Essentially, while acute physiological changes (heart rate, etc.) occur during each stimulation, the therapeutic benefits on complex symptoms likely require repeated stimulation over time \u2013 akin to physical therapy for your nervous system. Patience and consistency are key; many protocols suggest using the device daily for at least a month to gauge its benefits\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747912097334\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747912097334\",\"name\":\"Q: What symptoms or conditions can auricular VNS help improve?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A: <\\\/strong>Research is ongoing, but evidence exists for: <strong>depression and anxiety<\\\/strong> (especially hard-to-treat cases, as an adjunct to other treatments), <strong>PTSD, headaches (migraine and cluster)<\\\/strong>, <strong>IBS and functional gut disorders<\\\/strong>, <strong>autoimmune conditions<\\\/strong> (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn\u2019s disease \u2013 vagal stimulation may reduce inflammatory flares), and <strong>post-stroke rehabilitation <\\\/strong>(to enhance motor recovery). People with <strong>chronic fatigue syndrome<\\\/strong> or <strong>long COVID<\\\/strong> have also reported improvements in energy and cognitive function anecdotally. Additionally, healthy individuals are using aVNS for <strong>stress reduction, better sleep, and focus<\\\/strong>. While it\u2019s not a panacea, the vagus nerve\u2019s broad role means stimulating it can have system-wide effects \u2013 from calming the mind to soothing the gut. It\u2019s important to set realistic goals and use aVNS as a complement, not replacement, to standard medical care for any condition.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747912262226\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747912262226\",\"name\":\"Q: Who should avoid aVNS or use caution?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A:<\\\/strong> Anyone with a cardiac pacemaker, implanted defibrillator, or other electrical implant should not use electronic stimulators without medical approval \u2013 the electrical pulses could (in theory) interfere with such devices. Those with epilepsy should consult their neurologist; paradoxically, while VNS is an approved epilepsy treatment, any neuromodulation should be professionally guided in epilepsy due to the small risk of affecting seizure patterns. If you have low blood pressure or a history of fainting (vasovagal syncope), be cautious \u2013 vagus stimulation might trigger a faint in very susceptible individuals (although this is uncommon with gentle auricular pulses). Pregnant women should also seek medical advice before using aVNS, as strong vagal stimulation might theoretically affect uterine contractions (again, no direct evidence of harm, but caution is prudent). Finally, avoid placing electrodes on irritated or wounded skin on the ear. In general, if you have major medical issues, get a thumbs-up from your doctor first.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747912279428\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\\\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\\\/#faq-question-1747912279428\",\"name\":\"Q: Can auricular VNS be used alongside other therapies?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A: <\\\/strong>Absolutely. In fact, it\u2019s often best used in combination with other approaches. For mental health conditions, aVNS can augment antidepressant medications or psychotherapy by putting the body in a calmer state more receptive to healing. In inflammatory or pain conditions, it can work alongside drugs (e.g. imagine using aVNS plus an anti-inflammatory medication to tackle rheumatoid arthritis from both angles). There are also intriguing combinations being studied: for instance, pairing aVNS with <strong>exposure therapy<\\\/strong> in PTSD, to help patients stay grounded during trauma processing; or with <strong>physical therapy<\\\/strong> in stroke rehab, to potentially accelerate neuroplasticity (the King\u2019s College stroke trial is an example). No significant adverse interactions have been noted between aVNS and medications. The main consideration is to time things appropriately \u2013 e.g. do not use aVNS at the exact same moment as a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) session or other electrotherapy, to avoid any interference (space them out by an hour or more). Otherwise, think of aVNS as a supportive modality that can synergize with lifestyle changes (exercise, diet), stress management, and standard medical treatments.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Vagus Nerve: Role, Dysfunction, and Evidence-Based Stimulation Methods - Health Science Institute","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Vagus Nerve: Role, Dysfunction, and Evidence-Based Stimulation Methods - Health Science Institute","og_description":"Introduction: The Vagus Nerve \u2013 The Superhighway of the Nervous System The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is the&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/","og_site_name":"Health Science Institute","article_published_time":"2025-05-23T07:34:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-06T06:22:20+00:00","og_image":[{"width":768,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve-3.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Dr Anne Therese Bernadette Laudato, MD","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Dr Anne Therese Bernadette Laudato, MD","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"36 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/"},"author":{"name":"Dr Anne Therese Bernadette Laudato, MD","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/de\/#\/schema\/person\/7ce8dda369f9cddd401a3b4c4778153b"},"headline":"The Vagus Nerve: Role, Dysfunction, and Evidence-Based Stimulation Methods","datePublished":"2025-05-23T07:34:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-06T06:22:20+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/"},"wordCount":8076,"commentCount":2,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/de\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Vagus-Nerve-3.webp","articleSection":["Health News &amp; Trends"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":["WebPage","FAQPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/","url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/","name":"The Vagus Nerve: Role, Dysfunction, and Evidence-Based Stimulation Methods - 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With a background in both hospital and community settings, she is passionate about making healthcare knowledge more accessible and meaningful to a broader audience.","url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/author\/therese\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747911819031","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747911819031","name":"Q: Is auricular VNS safe?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong> For most people, yes \u2013 it appears very safe. Unlike implanted VNS which requires surgery, transcutaneous aVNS is non-invasive. Reported side effects in studies are usually minor: slight skin irritation on the ear, tingling, or a pressure sensation during stimulation. A systematic review of taVNS safety found no serious adverse events across hundreds of patients, concluding that aVNS is a <strong>feasible and well-tolerated<\/strong> therapy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-25864-1#:~:text=Safety%20of%20transcutaneous%20auricular%20vagus,feasible%20option%20for%20clinical\">25<\/a>. However, aVNS is not recommended for individuals with electrical implants like pacemakers or those with epilepsy unless under medical supervision, as the effects on seizure threshold are still being studied. Always start with low intensity if you\u2019re new to aVNS, and consult a healthcare provider especially if you have underlying medical conditions.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747911893777","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747911893777","name":"Q: When do results appear from vagus nerve stimulation?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A: <\/strong>This can vary by individual and condition. Some people notice an immediate calming effect (e.g. feeling more relaxed, breathing easier after a 15-minute session). For clinical outcomes, like improvements in depression or digestion, it often takes a few weeks of regular use. In the postpartum depression study mentioned, significant mood improvements accrued over 4\u20136 weeks of daily stimulation <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=label%2C%20proof,PPD\">34<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35932937\/#:~:text=effects%20models%20for%20repeated%20measures\">35<\/a>. In trials for pain or IBS, reductions in symptoms were seen after a few weeks of consistent daily sessions. Essentially, while acute physiological changes (heart rate, etc.) occur during each stimulation, the therapeutic benefits on complex symptoms likely require repeated stimulation over time \u2013 akin to physical therapy for your nervous system. Patience and consistency are key; many protocols suggest using the device daily for at least a month to gauge its benefits","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747912097334","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747912097334","name":"Q: What symptoms or conditions can auricular VNS help improve?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A: <\/strong>Research is ongoing, but evidence exists for: <strong>depression and anxiety<\/strong> (especially hard-to-treat cases, as an adjunct to other treatments), <strong>PTSD, headaches (migraine and cluster)<\/strong>, <strong>IBS and functional gut disorders<\/strong>, <strong>autoimmune conditions<\/strong> (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn\u2019s disease \u2013 vagal stimulation may reduce inflammatory flares), and <strong>post-stroke rehabilitation <\/strong>(to enhance motor recovery). People with <strong>chronic fatigue syndrome<\/strong> or <strong>long COVID<\/strong> have also reported improvements in energy and cognitive function anecdotally. Additionally, healthy individuals are using aVNS for <strong>stress reduction, better sleep, and focus<\/strong>. While it\u2019s not a panacea, the vagus nerve\u2019s broad role means stimulating it can have system-wide effects \u2013 from calming the mind to soothing the gut. It\u2019s important to set realistic goals and use aVNS as a complement, not replacement, to standard medical care for any condition.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747912262226","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747912262226","name":"Q: Who should avoid aVNS or use caution?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong> Anyone with a cardiac pacemaker, implanted defibrillator, or other electrical implant should not use electronic stimulators without medical approval \u2013 the electrical pulses could (in theory) interfere with such devices. Those with epilepsy should consult their neurologist; paradoxically, while VNS is an approved epilepsy treatment, any neuromodulation should be professionally guided in epilepsy due to the small risk of affecting seizure patterns. If you have low blood pressure or a history of fainting (vasovagal syncope), be cautious \u2013 vagus stimulation might trigger a faint in very susceptible individuals (although this is uncommon with gentle auricular pulses). Pregnant women should also seek medical advice before using aVNS, as strong vagal stimulation might theoretically affect uterine contractions (again, no direct evidence of harm, but caution is prudent). Finally, avoid placing electrodes on irritated or wounded skin on the ear. In general, if you have major medical issues, get a thumbs-up from your doctor first.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747912279428","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/the-vagus-nerve-role-dysfunction-and-evidence-based-stimulation-methods\/#faq-question-1747912279428","name":"Q: Can auricular VNS be used alongside other therapies?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A: <\/strong>Absolutely. In fact, it\u2019s often best used in combination with other approaches. For mental health conditions, aVNS can augment antidepressant medications or psychotherapy by putting the body in a calmer state more receptive to healing. In inflammatory or pain conditions, it can work alongside drugs (e.g. imagine using aVNS plus an anti-inflammatory medication to tackle rheumatoid arthritis from both angles). There are also intriguing combinations being studied: for instance, pairing aVNS with <strong>exposure therapy<\/strong> in PTSD, to help patients stay grounded during trauma processing; or with <strong>physical therapy<\/strong> in stroke rehab, to potentially accelerate neuroplasticity (the King\u2019s College stroke trial is an example). No significant adverse interactions have been noted between aVNS and medications. The main consideration is to time things appropriately \u2013 e.g. do not use aVNS at the exact same moment as a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) session or other electrotherapy, to avoid any interference (space them out by an hour or more). Otherwise, think of aVNS as a supportive modality that can synergize with lifestyle changes (exercise, diet), stress management, and standard medical treatments.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2418"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6905,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2418\/revisions\/6905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.scienceinhealth.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}